In your example, you cannot claim priority from the PCT in your US non-provisional because the PCT does not predate the US non-provisional. The only way you would be able to claim priority from the PCT is by filing a subsequent US non-provisional within the applicable priority year. Accordingly, if the subject-matter of all the claims of the PCT was disclosed in the PCT for the first time, you could claim priority during the 12-month period after the filing date of the PCT; if, however, the subject-matter of at least one claim of the PCT was disclosed in the US provisional and/or US non-provisional, you would have to claim priority from the PCT during the 12-month period after the filing date of the US provisional or US non-provisional (it depends on which of the two disclosed the subject-matter for the first time).
That said, the national law of some States may grant provisional protection when a patent application is published, sometimes if certain requirements are met. The provisional protection is based upon the claims as published. Therefore, even if you were to file a new US non-provisional claiming priority from the PCT, you would have to include the 100 claims in that US non-provisional; this means that it is irrelevant what is claimed in the PCT, it is the claims of the US non-provisional the ones that matter.
However, fortunately the PCT allows, by way of Art. 29, that an international application grants provisional protection:
"(1) As far as the protection of any rights of the applicant in a designated State is concerned, the effects, in that State, of the international publication of an international application shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (4), be the same as those which the national law of the designated State provides for the compulsory national publication of unexamined national applications as such." Be sure to read the rest of the Article too just so you have the whole picture regarding provisional protection. Therefore, as aforementioned, since provisional protection is a matter of national law, the provisional protection of a PCT may exist in some designated states if they so allow.
According to my understanding (kindly note that I am not a US patent attorney), in the US, international applications also confer provisional protection pursuant to 35 USC 154 (d):
"Provisional Rights.—
(1)In general.—In addition to other rights provided by this section, a patent shall include the right to obtain a reasonable royalty from any person who, during the period beginning on the date of publication of the application for such patent under section 122(b), or in the case of an international application filed under the treaty defined in section 351(a) designating the United States under Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty, the date of publication of the application, and ending on the date the patent is issued". Be sure to read the whole part (d) of 35 USC 154 as well.
This would mean that your PCT will get you the provisional protection in the US, as long as the PCT designates the US (which it does unless you explicitly withdraw the designation), is published in English (or you provide a translation into English) and the publication of the international application (or the translation into English thereof) is submitted to the USPTO if the PCT was not filed with the USPTO. Also, you must give proper notice to the party that could be infringing the scope claimed in the PCT, and a US patent originating from the PCT (i.e. the US national phase is entered) is granted later on with identical or similar claim scope.
