Many countries have some similar requirement. The WIPO lists [34 member states][1] with some foreign filing rules.

Some require it if the inventing was done in their country, others have rules for residents/citizens regardless of where the inventing occurred. Some only limit filings that contain “state secrets”. The linked table at the WIPO has a summary.

The U.S. requires a foreign filing license if the inventing was done in the US. Most countries provide a default of a license upon filing locally. That is, unless you hear otherwise within a set time frame you have a license. To file first non-locally you need to explicitly request a license.

  [1]: https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/nat_sec.html