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Having skimmed though the patent, it looks like it is a patent for a weakened version of the virus, that is taking the existing virus and making it non-threatening -- it is certainly not a patent which is supposedly creating the virus.
Weakened version of a virus and disease agents in general are desirable for research purposes, so that they can be studied ...
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A few hundred dollars at first, around 5-8 thousand if you want a patent attorney.
Later the maintenance fees go up, but you can always abandon the patent / application.
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Almost any material is eligible for submitting an application. In fact, government-sponsored commercial research (through the federal SBIR programs) carries a mandate as part of the terms of funding that novel inventions created under the research be patented. As part of this mandate, the government retains certain rights to the invention (this prevents a ...
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No, under the Bayh-Dole act the law was changed to permit the grantee to own the IP but, of course any deliverables under the grant need to be provided to the granting agency. Before 1980 all IP developed with government $ belonged to the U.S. This change was made to spur the economy.
From Wikipedia:
The Bayh–Dole Act or Patent and Trademark Law ...
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